How is the skin nourished?

The skin is nourished primarily by blood and lymph. Blood supply carries essential nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to the skin, facilitating its growth and repair. The vascular network ensures that all skin cells receive adequate nourishment and waste products are effectively removed. Lymph, meanwhile, plays a crucial role in the immune response and helps in eliminating toxins and maintaining fluid balance in the tissues.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are indeed gaseous exchanges that occur in the body, primarily during respiration, but they do not directly nourish the skin in the same manner as blood does. The epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin, does not receive nourishment directly from the bloodstream; it relies on the dermis beneath for sustenance. External creams can provide hydration and temporary cosmetic benefits but do not nourish the skin in a biological sense as blood and lymph do.